越南苦苣苔科植物四新记录种

报道了4个苦苣苔科(Gesneriaceae)植物在越南的分布新记录,其中1种为半蒴苣苔属(Hemiboea)的红苞半蒴苣苔(H.rubribracteata),2种为报春苣苔属(Primulina Hance)的文采报春苣苔(P.wentsaii)和疏花报春苣苔(P.laxi flora),还有1种为吊石苣苔属(Lysionotus)的桂黔吊石苣苔(L.aesch ynanthoides)。文中列出了每个种的标本引证和地理分布情况。     

Karyomorphology of four species in Ancylostemon,Briggsiopsis and Lysionotus (Gesneriaceae)

Reported in the present paper are chromosome numbers and karyotypes of three genera of the Gesneriaceae, i.e. Ancylostemon Craib. , Briggsiopsis (Franch.) K. Y. Pan and Lysionotus D. Don. The former two genera are endemic to China. The karyotype of Ancylostemon aureus (Franch.) Burtt is formulated as 2n = 34 = 20m(1sat) + 14sm, with the same chromosome number as its allied species A. convexus Craib. This species is characterized by the interphase nucleus of complex chromocenter type and the proximal type of chromosomes in the mitotic prophase. The chromosome number of the monospecific genus Briggsiopsis is 2n = 34, the same as the lowest chromosome number reported in Briggsia. The karyotype of Briggsiopsis, which is formulated as 2n = 25m + 6sm + 3st, also seems to be primitive among the species of the two genera. Briggsiopsis is characterized by the interphase nucleus of simple-complex chromocenter type and the interstitial-gradient type of chromosomes in the mitotic prophase. The chromosome number of Lysionotus carnosus Hemsl. is the lowest reported in this genus. Its karyotype is formulated as 2n= 30 = 21m + 5sm + 3st + lt. Lysionotus serratus var. pterocaulis, with the karyotype being formulated as 2n= 32 = 2lm + 10sm + lt, has the same chromosome number as var. serratus. These two species show a remarkable differentiation of karyotypes and are characterized by the interphase nuclei of simple-complex chromocenter type and the gradient type of chromosomes in the mitotic prophase. _ .     

苦苣苔科吊石苣苔属一新异名

2017年，印度学者Joe等基于采自中国藏东南地区的植物标本，发表了合萼吊石苣苔的一新变种Lysionotus gamosepalus W. T. Wang var.biflorus A. Joe, Hareesh&M. Sabu,并且认为该新变种与原变种的主要区分特征包括叶缘稍具锯齿、每个腋生花序仅有2朵花、花冠被毛、具2枚卷曲的退化雄蕊。然而，近年来，笔者基于查阅大量标本和野外考察工作，认为所谓变种的形态特征是在合萼吊石苣苔(Lysionotus gamosepalus W. T. Wang)的变异范围之内，加之分布区完全重叠，生长环境类似，物候期一致，不宜作为变种等级处理。故在此将该变种处理为合萼吊石苣苔的异名。     

桂黔吊石苣苔的组织培养与快速繁殖

以桂黔吊石苣苔的茎段和叶片为外植体材料,对桂黔吊石苣苔进行离体培养与快速繁殖技术研究.结果表明：桂黔吊石苣苔茎段腋芽可直接诱导萌发,在 MS＋6-BA 1．0 mg·L-1＋IBA 0．1 mg·L-1培养基上萌发率最高,达75％;适宜的继代增殖及壮苗培养基为1/2MS＋NAA0．2 mg·L-1,繁殖系数为6．0/60 d,继代培养中茎段外植体可以诱导出愈伤组织,但诱导率较低,未能进一步分化成苗;最佳生根培养基为1/2MS＋6-BA 0．2 mg·L-1＋NAA 0．8 mg·L-1＋AC 0．1％＋香蕉5％,生根率达100％;在大棚中模拟桂黔吊石苣苔自然生境对生根苗进行移栽,成活率在95％以上.     

直瓣苣苔属、筒花苣苔属和吊石苣苔属4个种的核形态学研究

本文报道了苦苣苔科直瓣苣苔属Ancylostemon、筒花苣苔属Briggsiopsis和吊石苣苔属Lysionotus 中4个种的染色体数目和核形态。凹瓣苣苔A．aureus的染色体数目为n=34,与其近缘种凸瓣苣苔 A．convexus的染色体数目相同。该种的核型公式为2n=20m(1sat)+14sm,核型类型属于2A。间期核 为复杂染色中心型(complex chromocenter type);细胞有丝分裂前期的染色体为近基型(proximal type) 我国特有单种属筒花苣苔属Briggsiopsis的间期核为简单—复杂染色中心型(simple-complex chromocenter type);细胞有丝分裂前期的染色体为中间—渐变型(interstitial—gradient type);核型公式为2n=34=25m +6sm+3st,与近缘类群——粗筒苣苔属Briggsia染色体数目2n=34,68相比,无论染色体数目还是核 型均显示比较原始的特征。吊石苣苔属的蒙自吊石苣苔L．carnosus和翅茎吊石苣苔L．serratus D． Don var．pterocaulis的核型公式分别是2n=30=21m+5sm+3st+1t和2n=32=21m+10sm+1t。核 型类型分别属于2A和2B。间期核均为简单—复杂染色中心型(simple-complex chromocenter type);细胞 有丝分裂前期的染色体为渐变型(gradient type)。     

吊石苣苔中的化学成分

新鲜吊石苣苔全草用70%丙酮水溶液组织破碎提取,然后经Diaion HP-20,Toyopearl HW-40,硅胶等柱色谱技术进行分离纯化得到8个化合物,经波谱分析鉴定为5,7-二羟基-6,8,4′-三甲氧基黄酮(1),丁香酸(2),邻苯二甲酸-双-(2-乙基己基)酯(3),5,7-二羟基-6,8,4′-三甲氧基黄酮醇(4),7-羟基-6,8,4′-三甲氧基-5-O--βD-葡萄糖黄酮苷(5),7-羟基-6,8,4′-三甲氧基-5-O-[-βD-葡萄糖-(1→6)]--βD-葡萄糖黄酮苷(6),4′,5-二羟基-7-甲氧基-6-C--βD-葡萄糖黄酮苷(7)和4′,5-二羟基-6,7-二甲氧基-8-C-β-D-葡萄糖黄酮苷(8)。除7-羟基-6,8,4′-三甲氧基-5-O--βD-葡萄糖黄酮苷和7-羟基-6,8,4′-三甲氧基-5-O-[β-D-葡萄糖-(1→6)]--βD-葡萄糖黄酮苷外,其余6个化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

苗药岩豇豆化学成分的研究

从黔产苗族习用药材岩豇豆(Lysionotus pauciflorus Maxim)中分离得到了5个化合物,经波谱数据分析,它们的结构分别为：二十九烷醇-15(nonacosan-15-ol,1),正三十烷醇(n-triscontanol,2),β-谷甾(β-stitosterol,3),岩豆素(7-dihydrox-4,6,8-trlmethoxyflavone or nevadensin,4),熊果酸(ursolic acid,5),除化合物4外,其它成分在该植物中均为首次报道。